⒈汽缸是鑄造而成的，汽缸出廠后都要經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)效處理，使汽缸在住鑄造過(guò)程中所產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)應(yīng)力*消除。如果時(shí)效時(shí)間短，那么加工好的汽缸在以后的運(yùn)行中還會(huì)變形。
⒉汽缸在運(yùn)行時(shí)受力的情況很復(fù)雜，除了受汽缸內(nèi)外氣體的壓力差和裝在其中的各零部件的重量等靜載荷外，還要承受蒸汽流出靜葉時(shí)對(duì)靜止部分的反作用力，以及各種連接管道冷熱狀態(tài)下對(duì)汽缸的作用力，在這些力的相互作用下，汽缸易發(fā)生塑性變形造成泄漏。
⒊汽缸的負(fù)荷增減過(guò)快，特別是快速的啟動(dòng)、停機(jī)和工況變化時(shí)溫度變化大、暖缸的方式不正確、停機(jī)檢修時(shí)打開(kāi)保溫層過(guò)早等，在汽缸中和法蘭上產(chǎn)生很大的熱應(yīng)力和熱變形。
⒋汽缸在機(jī)械加工的過(guò)程中或經(jīng)過(guò)補(bǔ)焊后產(chǎn)生了應(yīng)力，但沒(méi)有對(duì)汽缸進(jìn)行回火處理加以消除，致使汽缸存在較大的殘余應(yīng)力，在運(yùn)行中產(chǎn)生*的變形。
⒌在安裝或檢修的過(guò)程中，由于檢修工藝和檢修技術(shù)的原因，使內(nèi)缸、汽缸隔板、隔板套及汽封套的膨脹間隙不合適，或是掛耳壓板的膨脹間隙不合適，運(yùn)行后產(chǎn)生巨大的膨脹力使汽缸變形
⒍使用的汽缸密封劑質(zhì)量不好、雜質(zhì)過(guò)多或是型號(hào)不對(duì)；汽缸密封劑內(nèi)若有堅(jiān)硬的雜質(zhì)顆粒就會(huì)使密封面難以緊密的結(jié)合。
⒎汽缸螺栓的緊力不足或是螺栓的材質(zhì)不合格。汽缸結(jié)合面的嚴(yán)密性主要靠螺栓的緊力來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。機(jī)組的起?；蚴窃鰷p負(fù)荷時(shí)產(chǎn)生的熱應(yīng)力和高溫會(huì)造成螺栓的應(yīng)力松弛，如果應(yīng)力不足，螺栓的預(yù)緊力就會(huì)逐漸減小。如果汽缸的螺栓材質(zhì)不好，螺栓在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的運(yùn)行當(dāng)中，在熱應(yīng)力和汽缸膨脹力的作用下被拉長(zhǎng)，發(fā)生塑性變形或斷裂，緊力就會(huì)不足，使汽缸發(fā)生泄漏的現(xiàn)象。
⒏汽缸螺栓緊固的順序不正確。一般的汽缸螺栓在緊固時(shí)是從中間向兩邊同時(shí)緊固，也就是從垂弧zui大處或是受力變形zui大的地方緊固，這樣就會(huì)把變形zui大的處的間隙向汽缸前后的自由端轉(zhuǎn)移，zui后間隙漸漸消失。如果是從兩邊向中間緊，間隙就會(huì)集中于中部，汽缸結(jié)合面形成弓型間隙，引起蒸汽泄漏。

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